CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
Lagos Mainland Local Government Council is a commercial nerve Centre for all Nigerians and is dominated predominantly by Nigerians of different culture and background. The Present chairman, Hon Adekanye Oladele is the second democratically elected chairman of the Local Government Council. It has its secretariat at 2, Ondo Street Ebute Metta West. The Local government is made up of 9 wards with an average of 12 streets on each ward and an estimated population of 314,734 adults of which 163,216 are males and 151,518 are females1.
Lagos Mainland Local government is characterized by numerous creeks and water swamps, hence, the rural economic activities of the earlier inhabitants of the territory were mostly fishing followed by hunting, craft work and farming especially of spices, fruits and vegetables. However, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, indigenes and residents of the area have taken to modern production process and advancement of modern industries such as banking, oil and gas, communication and housing sectors.
There is an observance of many traditional festivals and performance of traditional rituals but inspite of this the two major religions Islam and Christianity are predominant and have large followers. The council consists of the three tiers of government the executive, legislature and judiciary. The magistrate and customary courts are responsible for the administration of justice within the council area.
3.2 STUDY DESIGN
This is a cross-sectional study carried out among adults aged 18-55 in Lagos Mainland Local government on their knowledge and attitude to depression.
3.3 STUDY POPULATION
The study was conducted among adults aged 18-55 years in Lagos Mainland local government with an estimated population of 314,734 adults of which 163,216 were males and 151,518 were females31.
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Sample size was calculated using the sample size formula below
For population greater than 10,000
n = Z2pq/e2
Where: n= sample size for population greater than 10,000
Z = confidence interval set at 1.96 for 95% confidence rate
p= prevalence i.e. proportion in target population estimated to have the particular characteristic of interest
p=0.1532
q=1-p
q=1-0.15
q=0.85
e=Precision value set at 0.05
n= 1.962( 0.15 x 0.85)
0.052
=195 approximately 200
A sample size of 200 participants was used to allow for non-response and improperly filled questionnaires during the research.
Therefore the total number of questionnaires administered was 200
3.5 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
The multi stage sampling method was used. Five out of the nine wards were chosen using the table of random numbers of the random sampling method. The chosen wards include ward A, B, D, F and H. From each ward two streets each were chosen using the table of random numbers of the random sampling method. In ward B Brickfield Street and Olokodana Street were chosen, in ward D Ademuyiwa Street and Okeolu Street were chosen, in ward F, Willoughby Street and Oloto Street were selected and in ward H, Ibadan Street and Jebba Street were chosen. The questionnaires were distributed among the ten streets selected from house to house. There was an average of 20 houses on each street. The houses used were chosen using the systematic sampling method; every 2nd house on each street was chosen. The questionnaires were shared to a maximum of 1 adult per house selected.
3.6 DATA COLLECTION TOOL
The tool for collecting data in this study was self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two sections; section A and B. In Section A of the questionnaire information on the socio demographic characteristics of the respondents were sought. In Section B questions on the knowledge and attitude to depression were asked as well as questions on depression’s treatment options. All the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents within one week. The questionnaires were distributed to adults aged 18- 55 in the Lagos Mainland Local Government and they were collected a few minutes after administering them.
3.7 DATA ANALYSIS
The data were analyzed electronically using 2007 Epi Info software package version (3.4.3) and Microsoft excel. Frequency tables were generated for relevant variables. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviations were used to summarize quantitative variables while qualitative variables were summarized with percentages. The Chi square test was also used to compare proportions of the outcome variables. All analyses were carried out at the 5% level of significance.
The section on knowledge was graded by scoring each question. A score was given to each correct option from the question. The total score possible was 29. Poor grade applies to total score that is less than 60%. Fair grade applies to total score that is between 60% and 69% and good grade applies to total score that is between 70% and 100%.
The section on attitude was also graded by scoring each option from all the questions in the section. The total score possible was 70. Poor attitude applies to total score that is less than 50% and good attitude is for total score that is between 50% and 100%.
3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from Health research ethics committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. A letter of introduction was obtained from the Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care of LUTH and taken to the Local Government for their consent to the administration of the questionnaire. Informed consent was sought from respondents by explaining the nature, purpose and extent of the study and assuring them that confidentiality would be maintained.
Names and addresses of respondents were not required in order to maintain confidentiality of the information obtained from them.
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